INOVASI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MOBILE DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKSESIIBILITAS KESEHATAN: EVALUASI PROGRAM "JEBOL YA MAS" DI KOTA BENGKULU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38156/gesi.v12i1.427Kata Kunci:
Pelayanan kesehatan mobile, aksesibilitas kesehatan, Jangkauan masyarakat, Inovasi pelayanan kesehatan primer, Ekuitas kesehatan, Populasi rentanAbstrak
Pelayanan kesehatan mobile telah muncul sebagai pendekatan strategis untuk mengatasi tantangan aksesibilitas kesehatan, terutama bagi populasi rentan dan komunitas yang kurang terlayani. Kota Bengkulu mengimplementasikan program "JEBOL YA MAS" (Jemput Bola Layani Masyarakat) pada tahun 2025 sebagai model inovatif pemberian layanan kesehatan mobile. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi secara komprehensif efektivitas implementasi, luaran kesehatan masyarakat, dan faktor keberlanjutan program pelayanan kesehatan mobile JEBOL YA MAS di Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian menggunakan desain mixed-method konvergen, mengombinasikan analisis kuantitatif data utilisasi layanan dari 12.847 peserta program dan eksplorasi kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan 35 pemangku kepentingan (tenaga kesehatan, pembuat kebijakan, dan tokoh masyarakat) serta diskusi kelompok terarah dengan 8 kelompok masyarakat. Data dikumpulkan dari Januari hingga September 2025 di 15 Puskesmas yang mengimplementasikan program. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji-t berpasangan, dan analisis regresi berganda, sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan software NVivo. Program JEBOL YA MAS berhasil menjangkau 12.847 anggota masyarakat dengan tingkat kepuasan 91%. Cakupan layanan meningkat signifikan untuk populasi rentan: lansia (68% menjadi 94%), ibu hamil (76% menjadi 96%), pasien hipertensi (45% menjadi 78%), dan pasien diabetes (42% menjadi 75%). Tingkat deteksi dini penyakit meningkat 54-67% untuk penyakit tidak menular. Analisis ekuitas geografis menunjukkan peningkatan 156% dalam utilisasi layanan kesehatan di area yang sebelumnya kurang terlayani. Analisis regresi mengidentifikasi kemudahan layanan (β=0,389, p<0,001), kompetensi tenaga kesehatan (β=0,312, p<0,001), dan aksesibilitas program (β=0,287, p<0,001) sebagai prediktor signifikan efektivitas program. Hospitalisasi yang dapat dicegah menurun 34%, dan kepatuhan manajemen penyakit kronis meningkat 52%. Program JEBOL YA MAS menunjukkan efektivitas signifikan dalam meningkatkan aksesibilitas kesehatan dan luaran kesehatan bagi populasi rentan. Model pemberian layanan kesehatan mobile yang proaktif berhasil mengatasi hambatan geografis, temporal, dan sosial-ekonomi terhadap akses kesehatan. Keberlanjutan program memerlukan komitmen politik yang berkelanjutan, alokasi sumber daya yang memadai, infrastruktur teknologi terintegrasi, dan keterlibatan masyarakat yang kuat.
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