OPTIMASI PENURUNAN KADAR FFA LIMBAH MINYAK JELANTAH SEBAGAI BAHAN BIODIESEL PADA PROSES ESTERIFIKASI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38156/gesi.v12i1.497Kata Kunci:
minyak jelantah, FFA, esterifikasi, RSM, H₂SO₄,Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi proses esterifikasi asam pada minyak jelantah (waste cooking oil, WCO) untuk menurunkan kadar free fatty acid (FFA) sebagai tahap pretreatment sebelum transesterifikasi basa pada produksi biodiesel. Metode response surface methodology dengan central composite design (RSM–CCD) digunakan untuk mengkaji pengaruh gabungan rasio molar metanol:minyak (6–13), konsentrasi katalis H₂SO₄ (1–3% b/v), suhu reaksi (40–65 °C), waktu reaksi (30–90 menit), dan kecepatan pengadukan (300–700 rpm) terhadap penurunan FFA. Kadar FFA awal minyak jelantah sebesar 3,75%, sedangkan hasil percobaan menunjukkan FFA akhir berada pada rentang 1,74–22,83%. Plot kontur dan permukaan memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan katalis pada level moderat dengan suhu tinggi dan rasio molar yang memadai menghasilkan penurunan FFA terbesar, dengan interaksi yang kuat antara rasio molar dan suhu. Hasil response optimization memberikan kondisi optimum pada rasio molar 13,242, konsentrasi katalis 1,323%, suhu 65 °C, waktu reaksi 17,58 menit, dan kecepatan pengadukan 700 rpm, di mana model memprediksi FFA mendekati nol. Kondisi tersebut direkomendasikan sebagai pretreatment esterifikasi yang efisien untuk minyak jelantah, dengan perlunya validasi eksperimen lanjutan di sekitar titik optimum.
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